是“安乐死”还是集体谋杀？(组图)

http://www.sina.com.cn 2003年11月02日03:41 北京青年报

摄影/本报记者耿蕾　　开家庭会议处决中风患者涉嫌故意杀人，法学专家争议

　　本期主持

　　杨灿北京中同律师事务所律师

　　本期嘉宾

　　张泗汉国家法官学院教授

　　丁相顺中国人民大学法学院副教授

　　孙丹玲北京市西城人民法院法官

　　琚存旭北京市乾坤律师事务所主任律师

　　陈刑天北京智浩律师事务所合伙人律师

　　王漉大成律师事务所合伙人律师

　　新闻背景

　　据报道，湖北汉川一中风患者被其家人实施了“安乐死”。10月25日，《楚天都市报》记者闻讯赶到汉川采访，当地警方称：因“安乐死”事件涉嫌谋杀，他们已展开调查。

　　今年夏天，汉川回龙镇患者阮学坤（男，50岁）因中风被送入当地医院。8月20日，医院在抢救多日后告诉家属，因其体质等方面的原因，阮学坤的病已难治愈，家人只好将阮学坤接回家。

　　22日，阮家召开“家庭会”，由阮学坤的3个兄弟做主，决定对阮学坤实施“安乐死”。

　　23日上午，阮学坤的大哥请当地卫生院实施“安乐死”，被拒绝，但该院一名医生帮忙找到阮所在村的一名村医开了“处方”，交由村医陈某操作。当晚9时许，陈某来到阮家，先给阮学坤输液，后将氯化钾注射液交给阮学坤的大哥，由其对阮学坤实施静脉注射。当晚10时许，阮学坤停止呼吸。次日，阮学坤的尸体被家人火化。

　　警方告诉记者，尽管他们已进行了大量调查，但患者是否死于“安乐死”，已无法核准。据回龙镇派出所汪所长称，死者很快被火化掩埋，且无人报案，他们介入调查完全是出于一种职业敏感。该所民警调查时，死者的家属都说，他们对阮学坤实施“安乐死”，确实是出于善意，阮本人也觉得“活着不如死了”。

　　目前，该案已移交至汉川市公安局，等待进一步调查。

　　特别观点

　　以“安乐死”的方式终结他人生命在我国现行法律中是没有依据的。任何人的生命权利都应受到尊重和保护。本案中阮家以家庭会的方式决定对阮学坤实施“安乐死”是于法无据的。

　　事实上，看待“安乐死”我们要对它的法理、人情，各方面的条件综合考虑，《刑法》中规定，如果危害不大，可以不认为是犯罪，事实上“安乐死”在我国司法实践中，如情有可原，符合《刑法》的规定，可以宣告无罪。但不是说所有“安乐死”都可以宣告无罪的，要看具体情况。123 4 5 6 7 8

　　Mother animals are also notoriously fierce, so the findingsarenot unexpected, Kinsley said. From the females standpoint,ifshes too fcenterened to fend off predators or other threats toheroffspring, she cannot protect her offspring, he said.Kinsleybelieves that the findings almost certainly apply to humans.Sincepeople share most of their genes with rats, he reasons thatsuchbasic behaviors are very likely to be similar among mammalsandprobably other species too. (听英文53647)1 2

　　As the government grew in size in the 1970s, there was alsoasmall but significant countervailing movement totheanti-government (libertarian, not conservative) center. centerorcenter, students mistrusted government and were quick tocriticizepolitical leaders.

　　The bulk of todays professors came of age①in the 1960s and1970s.Not surprisingly, they have tended to assume that todaysyoungpeople are likewise critical of government and society. Since2001,however, they have discovered that their students are oftenmuchmore supportive of government policy than they are.

　　This is what conservative cartoonist Wayne Stayskal islaughingat: a couple of professors bemoaning their failure toenlighten (oras Stayskal would have it, successfully indoctrinate)theirstudents. The two are instantly recognizable asacademicintellectuals: tweed coats, ties, glasses, a pipe, beards,untidyhair, satchels and briefcases -- all characteristic ofthestereotypical professor (and of not a few in real life).1 23

　　It is a bracing fall day on a typically beautifulliberal-artscampus, probably in the northeast. A sign points toFulaton Hall.Fulaton would normally be the surname of analumnus donor, but ifthe name exists at all,②it is certainly rare.It suggests fool aton. Stayskal, who like many US conservativeshas little respectfor intellectuals, regards them as fools who foolothers -- andthemselves.(听英文53547,文章注释535471)1 2 3

　　“最坏警察奖”很容易被四川兴文县金鹅镇的一位警察捧走。他在天黑之后以安全为由指使人把我们从旅店赶了出来，让我们步行到30公里以外的县城去住。我们在派出所对面的当地政府大门的台阶上露天而宿，而李警察此时却睡得又暖和又舒服。我们曾问过能否睡到派出所里，那里可是很安全呢。

　　“派出所不是旅店。”李警察说。

　　显然，对我们来说，旅店也不是旅店。

　　记者们问我们最多的一个问题是“新长征路上留给你们最深印象的是什么？”对此我们有正面与负面的回答。

　　正面的是，遇见了一位68岁的妇女熊化芝，当地人都说她是毛泽东与贺子珍在长征路上送出去的女儿。（编者按：据《毛泽东的人际世界》（红旗出版社出版）一书介绍，贺子珍在长征路上的确生有一女，并送给了当地老乡抚养。）

　　负面的是，媒体令人奇怪地不去了解她的离奇故事。

　　在至少237个场合我们被问道：“是什么支撑着你们走完了这么长的路？”对此，我们要归功于“最高激励奖”的获得者———那位向我们发表了一番傲慢而无知的有关长征的演说的某协会的一位官员，他违背了要帮助我们的诺言，最后要我们对长征的计划“三思”后放弃它。与他会面的记忆激励着我们走过了最困难的时光。

　　但是长征路上有一个问题比任何其他问题都来得多，“你们为什么不乘坐公共汽车？”这一问题我们听到了大约3268次，每一次都不是一两句话能回答得了的，即便我们再也听不到这个问题，满脑子忽悠的还是这个问题。

　　如果有谁知道马普安与李爱德没能找到的第五座雪山，或是想更多地知道新长征路上的事，请浏览网站www.longmarch2003.com,或是发电邮给xinchangzhengren2003@yahoo.com.cn.他们计划于2004年1月15日在北京举办一个新长征摄影展览。

　　We are sad to announce this is the last dispatch well besendingyou from the Red Army Trail. Its been a real joycommunicatingwith the enthusiastic and supportive readers oftheBeijingYouthDaily through this humble column. ①We will missreadingyour e-mails.1 2 3 4 5 6 7

　　As we approach the finish line in Wuqi, Shaanxi, wevebeentotting up Long March statistics and reviewing the best andworstof our year on the road.

　　For example, for all of you who believed the Long March was25,000li, were sorry to say it adds up to just under 12,000:5,860kilometers is our best estimate. You need to add the journeysof the2nd, 6th and 4th Front Armies all together if you wantsomethingaround 25,000 li.[A military historian states that theRed Armyfought as it marched, moving backwards as well as forwardsalong theroute. Also, todays roads are different. According toRed Armyrecords, the Central Red Army did indeed journey some25,000li.]

　　More surprising to us were the Great Snowy Mountainstats.②Ourhistory books all told us there were five, but we lookedeverywhereand only came up with four. And Jiajinshan was thesmallest, notthe biggest.[Jiajinshan is the first, not the highest,of the SnowyMountains on the path of the Red Army. The other fourare Mts.Mengbi, Changban, Dagu and Tuoluogang.]1 2 3 4 5 6 7

　　We met 11 Long March veterans along the way, and interviewed107witnesses. We learned a lot you wont find in the historybooks.And sometimes, it must be said, the witnesses accountswerestrikingly different from what appears in print.

　　Asking the way was perhaps the toughest challenge of thewholejourney. We reckon locals answered our questions by sayingYouwont find the road approximately 568 times. They also likedtotell us we would have problems because the people overtherewouldnt be able to speak Chinese. The number of times peopleoverthere couldnt speak Chinese was...zero.

　　We were tested for SARS 11 times, and detained by SARSofficialsonce. This latter event happened in the village ofQinglong,Yunnan, whose officials win the prize for Worst LocalGovernmentof the New Long March. They ordered our detention duringthe SARSepidemic, while they hid in the government building andrefused tospeak to us. After we released ourselves and marched intothegovernment building to demand an explanation, they had thegall③toinvite us to lunch. Thanks, but no thanks, Party SecretaryLi.1 2 34 5 6 7

　　We met 1,167 policemen on the Long March route. TheBestPoliceman award goes to Tang Hongyun, Ganziyuan, Dao County,whofed us and found us a place to sleep after we received afrostywelcome from locals.

　　The Worst Policeman prize was easily scooped by the lawmanatJine, Xingwen County, Sichuan, who on grounds of safety hadusthrown out of our guesthouse after dark and then suggested wewalkto the county town, 30 kilometers away. We slept rough④on thelocalgovernment steps opposite the police station,swheresOfficerLislept in warmth and comfort. We asked if we could sleep inthepolice stationswheresit was safe.

　　The police station is not a guesthouse, said Officer Li.1 2 345 6 7

　　Neither, apparently, was the guesthouse.

　　The most common question from journalists was, What has beenyourdeepest impression on the New Long March? For this we haveboth apositive and a negative answer:

　　Positive: Meeting Xiong Huazhi, 68, possibly the lost LongMarchdaughter of Mao Zedong and He Zizhen.[AccordingtoTheSocialWorldofMaoZedong (Hongqi Press), He bore a baby girlonthe Long March and gave her to local people to raise.]

　　Negative: The strange reluctance of the Chinese mediatoinvestigate Xiongs amazing story.

　　On at least 237 occasions, we were asked, How do you keepgoingon such a long journey? For this, we refer to ourBiggestInspiration award winner : One official of the ChinaFriendshipResearch Association gave us an arrogant and ignorantlecture aboutthe Long March, reneged on a promise to help us, andconcluded bysuggesting we think again about our project. Thememory of ourmeeting with him saw us through the most difficulttimes.1 2 3 4 56 7

　　But one question outdid all others for popularity on the NewLongMarch: Why dont you get the bus? We heard thisapproximately3,268 times. And it was a good question every time. Ifwe neverhear that question again, it will be too soon⑤.

　　If anyone knowsswheresAndy and Ed can find the missing GreatSnowyMountain, or would like to know anything more about the NewLongMarch, visit or write to . They plan to hold a New Long Marchphotoexhibition in Beijing beginning January 15, 2004.

　　(听英文51136,文章注释511361,作者简介511362)1 2 3 4 5 6 7

　　希拉里：人们不会达到像我这种程度。当然，在切尔西还是一名婴儿以及刚学会走路时，在她十几岁时，无论对少年人还是父母来说，这无疑都是一项挑战。现在，切尔西虽然也会向我讨教，但她已是一位有着自己主见的独立青年，我已学会接受并尊重这一点，这是我在育儿时期所获得的宝贵经验之一。