2003考研英语试题及答案(4)

　　PartB

　　Directions:

　　ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthetranslatetheunderlinessegmentssintosChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)

　　Humanbeingsinalltimesandplacesthinkabouttheirworldandwonderattheirplaceinit.Humansarethoughtfulandcreative，possessedofinsatiablecuriosity.(61)Furthermore，humanshavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmentinwhichtheylive，thussubjectingallotherlifeformstotheirownpeculiarideasandfancies.Therefore，itisimportanttostudyhumansinalltheirrichnessanddiversityinacalmandsystematicmanner，withthehopethattheknowledgeresultingfromsuchstudiescanleadhumanstoamoreharmoniouswayoflivingwiththemselvesandwithallotherlifeformsonthisplanetEarth.

　　“Anthropology”derivesfromtheGreekwords“anthropos”:“human”andlogos“thestudyof.”Byitsveryname，anthropologyencompassesthestudyofallhumankind.

　　Anthropologyisoneofthesocialsciences.(62)Socialscienceisthatbranchofintellectualenquirywhichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavorsinthesamereasoned，orderly，systematic，anddispassioned(原文如此)mannerthatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnaturalphenomena.

　　Socialsciencedisciplinesincludegeography，economics，politicalscience，psychology，andsociology.Eachofthesesocialscienceshasasubfieldorspecializationwhichliesparticularlyclosetoanthropology.

　　Allthesocialsciencesfocusuponthestudyofhumanity.Anthropologyisafield-studyorienteddisciplinewhichmakesextensiveuseofthecomparativemethodinanalysis.(63)Theemphasisondatagatheredfirst-hand，combinedwithacross-culturalperspectivebroughttotheanalysisofculturespastandpresent，makesthisstudyauniqueanddistinctlyimportantsocialscience.

　　Anthropologicalanalysesrestheavilyupontheconceptofculture.SirEdwardTylor’sformulationoftheconceptofculturewasoneofthegreatintellectualachievementsof19thcenturyscience.(64)Tylordefinedcultureas“…thatcomplexwholewhichincludesbelief，art，morals，law，custom，andanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety.”Thisinsight，soprofoundinitssimplicity，openedupanentirelynewwayofperceivingandunderstandinghumanlife.ImplicitwithinTylor’sdefinitionistheconceptthatcultureislearned.shared，andpatternedbehavior.

　　(65)Thus，theanthropologicalconceptof“culture，”liketheconceptof“set”inmathematics，isanabstractconceptwhichmakespossibleimmenseamountsofconcreteresearchandunderstanding.

　　SectionIVWriting

　　66.Directions:

　　1)describethesetofdrawings，Interpretitsmeaning，and

　　2)pointoutitsimplicationsinourlife.

　　Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)