Chinese Shadow Show皮影戏 | |
---|---|
http://www.sina.com.cn 2003年09月07日01:00 北京娱乐信报 | |
TouchBeijing TheDaoqingShadowShowTroupeofHuanCountyGansuProvincewillmakesixpresentationsatBeijingBeiBingmasiTheaterfromSeptr19-21forthreedaysinarow. TheChineseShadowShowfeaturingperformancesofplanepuppetsprojectedtowhitescreenswithlight.Itsvocalmusicisrichinvariationandbeautifulandtheperformancesarecolorfulandmoving. ShadowShowisoneofthemostcolorfulfolkartsinChina.InruralareasanabsenceofaShadowShowTroupemeantanabsenceofentertainment.Astheartistsofoldgenerationfadedoutofpeople’ssightsandtheyounggenerationgetawayfromitinrecentyearsShadowShowgraduallydeclined.MeanwhiletherearesuchartistsasShiChenglinwiththeHuanCounty’sShadowShowTroupewhoworkhardforthelastgloryoftheShadowShowanddoalltheirbestfortheshow’spreservationanddevelopment. Theplanepuppetspropsandscenesettingsareusuallyleatherproductscarvedandpaintedbyfolkartistswithhandwork.CharactersscenemodelsandproductionintheShadowShowbelongtothefolkfineart.Typesoffacialmake-upanddressingmoldsarevividimage-orientedexaggeratingandhumorous.Theyareeitherpureandstraightforwardordelicateandromantic.WiththefluentcarvingstylesbcentercolorstransparentbodyimagesandflexiblelimbstheShadowShowisenjoyableandlikedbyaudiences.IninternationalexchangessomeChineseusuallypresentShadowShowproductsasaperfectgifttoforeignfriends. WithhistoricalrecordsandmodernfolkperformancesitisconcludedandprovedthattheShadowShoworiginatedintheWestHanDynastyabout2000yearsago. EquipmentforShadowShowisportableandquitesimple.Thereforethepresentationgroupsfeeleasytoperforminmanyplaces.Ateamofsixorsevenpeopleandaboxofpuppetscouldmakefortyorfiftypresentations.Whentheperformancesareconcludedtheycouldeasilypickuptheirthingsgetthempackagedandleave.ShadowShowperformancesrequirepuppetmanipulatingskillandsingingcapabilitykeystothequalityofateam.Thesecapacitiesdependonteacher’sinstructionandlonghardworking.Inpresentationperformersshouldbeabletomanipulatepuppetsplayinstrumentsannouceandsing.Inbattlescenessoundsofgonganddrumareintensewhilelancesandswordsarewielded.Inplotscenesmusicandvocalmusicarebeautifullycombinedtogether.Theeffectsaretouching.AstheearliestscreenentertainmentintheworldShadowShowhasintegratedperformingshadowsinstrumentplayingannoucingandsinging.SomeinternationalfilmhistoriansheldthatShadowShowartspearheadedthefilmart. TheoldartformofDaoqingshadowshowiscombinationofDaoqingakindoffolksongsoriginatedinnorthwestChinaandasplendidvisualartcalledShadowshow. 皮影戏 9月19日-21日甘肃环县道情皮影戏剧团将在北京北兵马司剧场连演三天六场皮影戏。 皮影戏是利用灯光将平面偶人的表演投射到白色布幕上的一种戏剧形式。它唱腔丰富优美,表演精彩动人。 皮影戏是中国民间最具特色的艺术形式。在中国的乡间,没有皮影戏剧团就意味着没有娱乐。近几年,随着老艺人的消失,年轻人的出走,皮影戏渐渐沉默了。但同时,在这里有像甘肃环县道情皮影戏剧团的史呈林等一批最优秀的民间艺术家们,他们一直坚守着皮影戏的最后荣誉,并不懈为皮影戏的留存、发展鼓与呼。 皮影戏中的平面偶人以及场面道具景物,通常是民间艺人用手工,刀雕彩绘而成的皮制品。其脸谱与服饰造型生动、形象、夸张、幽默,或纯朴而粗犷,或细腻而浪漫。再加上雕功之流畅,着色之艳丽,通体透剔和四肢灵活的工艺制作效果,着实能使人赏心悦目,爱不释手。在国际交往中,也常有国人以中国皮影为上等礼品赠与国际友人。 根据史料和近代民间皮影艺术流传的实际状况,可以推断和证实皮影艺术起源于两千年前的西汉。 演皮影戏的设备非常轻便,所以戏班流动演出的优势很强。一个戏班六七个人和一箱影人就能演四五十出戏。演出完毕,全部行头装箱就走,辗转十分便捷。演皮影戏的操耍技巧和唱功,是皮影戏班水平高低的关键。而操耍和演唱都是经师父口传心授和长期勤学苦练而成的。在演出时,艺人们都有操纵影人、乐器伴奏和道白配唱同时兼顾的本领。武打场面是紧锣密鼓,影人枪来剑往、上下翻腾,热闹非常。而文场的音乐与唱腔却又是音韵缭绕、优美动听。皮影戏是世界上最早的幕影文化娱乐形式,它是将表演的影子与音乐伴奏和说唱配音联合运用最早的一种视影艺术。一些国际电影史理论界的专家甚至认为,皮影戏艺术是后来发明电影的先导。 “道情”是西北民歌的一个种类,道情皮影戏就是在演皮影的同时用道情调演唱戏文。 | |