世界银行：确保对海啸受灾国承诺资金的问责

　　中广网北京1月13日消息（记者伍刚）世界银行行长沃尔芬森周三说，亚洲和非洲海啸受灾国家的重建工作必须由当地受灾社区驱动，而且重建过程应有透明度，确保对承诺资金的问责。

　　沃尔芬森行长对印尼、斯里兰卡和马尔代夫灾区进行考察后于本周返回华盛顿，这三个国家是亚洲和非洲地区受到12月26日的地震及随后发生的海啸严重影响的12个国家中的三

个。

　　世界银行行长赞扬了他所访问的受灾国家政府、联合国及其他救援机构、捐助国紧急派出的救援队伍所作的救援努力。他说，从紧急救援向重建的过渡将由世界银行和亚洲开发银行指导，目的是帮助各国重建人民的生活，给予他们比灾前更大的希望和机会。

　　沃尔芬森行长说：“我们需要的规划不是要解决重建贫民窟的问题，而是要解决贫困的挑战和重建的挑战”。

　　作为对援助要求作出的即刻反应，世界银行已宣布为印尼、斯里兰卡和马尔代夫各提供3亿、1亿和1200万美元的初步资金支持。沃尔芬森行长周三重申，世行可以提供超过10亿美元，也许可以提供多达15亿美元，用于受灾国家较长期的重建努力。

　　然而，世界银行行长强调说，关键的问题是要进行全面的灾难损害情况评估以指导重建努力，而且援助资金的每一元钱都要用来为灾难幸存者带来最大利益“。

　　沃尔芬森行长说：“我认为重要的是我们不要被可能提供的资金的数量所驱动，而是我们首先要解决有什么样的需求，真正的需求是什么的问题”。他说，完成详细的灾难损害情况评估可能需要花2－3个月的时间。

　　他说，目前正在进行、预计在未来两周内完成的灾难损害情况初步评估将为近期召开的捐助国会议提供一份初步的路线图，但是比较详细的评估对于确保国际社会有一份清楚的优先重点清单来开展重建努力是至关重要的。

　　世界银行行长说：重建努力必须考虑到每个社区的文化和特殊需求，例如，要处理好减少渔民社区遭受未来灾害的可能性与他们居住在其赖以为生的渔船附近的传统之间的平衡。

　　他说，这种平衡应由社区人民来决定。

　　沃尔芬森说：“我的判断是，匆匆忙忙开展工作而不让受影响的人民参与恐怕是行不通的。他们的参与也是灾难幸存者愈合创伤过程的一个根本组成部分。我们不可能在华盛顿或东京制定任何对这些渔民、农民或斯里兰卡的盐业工人有效的计划”。

　　除了确保社区参与外，沃尔芬森行长说，国际社会和受灾国政府将讨论如何能使募集到的重建资金容易与其他发展资金区别开，能从捐助国直接追踪到社区，能在互联网上跟踪进展情况的有效方式。

　　WORLD BANK PRESIDENT URGES TSUNAMI RECONSTRUCTIONBEDRIVEN BY THE AFFECTED COMMUNITIES

　　Detailed damage assessments will follow initial estimates

　　WASHINGTON, January 12th, 2005—

　　World Bank President James D. Wolfensohn said Wednesdaythatreconstruction in the tsunami-hit countries of Asia and Africamustbe driven by the local communities affected by the disaster,addingthat the process of rebuilding should be transparent andensureaccountability for the funds pledged.Mr. Wolfensohn returnedthisweek from a visit to the disaster-affected areas of Indonesia,SriLanka and the Maldives, three of the twelve countries in AsiaandAfrica that were battered by the effects of an earthquakeandsubsequent tsunamis on Dec. 26th.The World Bank Presidentpraisedthe relief efforts of the governments of the countries hevisited,by the United Nations and other relief agencies, and by thetroopsof the donor countries that have rushed to help. He saidthetransition from emergency relief to reconstruction will beguidedby the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank, with theaim tohelp each country rebuild lives for their people that offergreaterhope and opportunity than they faced before the disaster.“Weneedprograms that will go beyond the issue of not replicating slumsandaddress the challenges of poverty, and ofreconstruction,”Mr.Wolfensohn said.As an immediate response torequests forassistance, the World Bank has announced it willprovide $300million in initial financial support to Indonesia, $100million toSri Lanka, and $12 million to the Maldives. Mr.Wolfensohnreiterated Wednesday that the Bank could provide morethan $1.0billion, and perhaps as much as $1.5 billion, forlonger-termreconstruction efforts in the affectedcountries.However, the WorldBank President stressed that it iscritical to conductcomprehensive damage assessments to guide thereconstructioneffort, and that each dollar of aid is used to thegreatest benefitof the survivors.“I think it’s important that wenot be driven bythe numbers of the possible supply, but that westart with theissue of what is the demand, what are the realneeds,” Mr.Wolfensohn said, adding that it could take anothertwo-to-threemonths before detailed damage assessments can becompleted.He saidinitial damage evaluations currently underway anddue within thenext two weeks will provide an early road map fordonors’ meetingsin coming weeks, but that more detailed assessmentswill becritical in ensuring the international community approachesthereconstruction effort with a clear list of priorities.TheWorldBank President said the reconstruction effort must takeintoaccount the culture and special needs of each community,forexample balancing the need to reduce the vulnerability offishingcommunities with their tradition of living close to theirboats,which are their livelihoods.This balance, he said, shouldbedetermined by those in the communities.“It’s my judgment thattohurry that process without getting the people involved isprobablynot going to work. Their involvement is also an essentialpart ofthe healing process for the survivors,” Wolfensohn said.“There’sno plan that we can invent in Washington or in Tokyo that’sgoingto work for these fishermen, or for the agricultural workers,orfor the salt workers in the south of Sri Lanka.”In additiontoensuring community involvement, Wolfensohn said theinternationalcommunity and each government in the tsunami-effectedcountrieswill discuss ways to ensure the funds raised forreconstruction canbe easily distinguished from other developmentfinance and trackedfrom donor to community, with progress trackedon theInternet.来源：中国广播网 责编：金风