中广网北京7月18日消息（记者伍刚）在6月30结束的2005财年，世界银行贷款承诺额增加到223亿美元，用于全世界279个项目的建设。这一数字比上一财年增加了22亿美元。在223亿美元的承诺贷款额中，136亿美元是贷款，借款国大多为国际复兴开发银行的中等收入国家，贷款项目总数为118个；87亿美元为无息贷款或赠款，目的地国为国际开发协会的最贫困国家，项目总数为161个。比较而言，2004财年，国际复兴开发银行和国际开发协会的贷款承诺总额为201亿美元，其中包括110亿美元的硬贷款和90亿美元的软贷款。在信增贷款承诺
额增加的同时，贷款的总体质量也得到了提高。由于更充分的项目准备、更严格的选择以及更有效的项目检查，现行项目质量取得了稳步提高，从而更有效地利用了国际复兴开发银行和国际开发协会的援助。特别值得一提的是，存在不能实现发展目标风险的总的承诺额比例出现了大幅下降，从2004财年的15.9％下降到2005财年底的13.5％。支付额上年度的170亿美元增至2005财年的187亿美元。世界银行贷款继续反映了不同地区不同借款国的不同需求和需要。拉美各国的承诺总额为52亿美元，占据了2005财年贷款、赠款和担保的最大份额。南亚以50亿美元紧随其后。欧洲和中亚地区的承诺总额为41亿美元，非洲39亿美元，东亚/太平洋地区为29亿美元，中东和北非地区为13亿美元。国际开发协会IDA-13的资金限额对数字产生了一定的影响，尤其是对非洲。但是应当指出，非洲的支付额从2004财政年度的33亿美元增至2005财政年度的40亿美元。在贷款、赠款和担保总额中，157亿美元属于投资型贷款，其余66亿美元为基于政策的/发展政策贷款。投资型贷款额比2000年财年要高出50％。“以下两方面的止降上升趋势尤其令我们受到舞：世行向中等收入国家提供的财政援助和投资贷款额。这两方面的增长并不是通过牺牲质量为代价而取得的，这表明《中等收入国家行动计划》以及程序简化议程和现代化议程正发挥着重要的作用。”主管业务政策和国别服务的副行长JamesAdams表示。去年，印度和土耳其两国收到的承诺份额最大，分别为28.9亿美元和18亿美元，随后为巴西，17.7亿美元、中国，10亿美元以及印度尼西亚，9.17亿美元。印度也是国际开发协会援助的最大接受国，该国接受的援助总额为11亿美元，随后为越南的7亿美元和孟加拉国的6亿美元。土耳其是国际复兴开发银行贷款的最大接受国，总额为18亿美元，其后为巴西的17.7亿美元和印度的17.5亿美元。通过引导财政资源和技术方面的专业技能进入其成员国从而使其贫困人口受益，世界银行得以实施其减贫这一首要使命。财政支持是通过国际复兴开发银行的硬贷款和担保以及国际开发协会的赠款、软贷款以及担保的形式提供的。国际复兴开发银行通过国际资本市场筹集资金，而国际开发协会的资金则是由发达国家以直接捐赠的形式提供的。国际复兴开发银行的客户一般为中等收入国家和一些被认为可以有资格借款的低收入大国。国际开发协会的客户是最为贫困的国家，它们通常无力承受以商业条件借款。国际开发协会向这些国家提供赠款以及被称作“发展信贷”的优惠和无息贷款，贷款的偿还期间为35－40年。国际开发协会是向世界上最贫困国家提供优惠财政援助的最大的单一机构。特殊融资和全球环境基金业务总额为3.01亿美元，其中，东亚/太平洋地区获得了1.1亿美元，以下依次为中东和北非地区的5600万美元，欧洲和中亚地区的5400万美元，非洲的5100万美元以及拉美国家的3100万美元。世界银行集团仍在牵头进行以下方面的工作：协调各发展机构间的援助行动、减少条块分割以及消除重复工作。这些方面比较突出的实例是在阿富汗、伊拉克以及海啸受灾各国进行的重建工作。
Lending Rises, Quality Remains High - WorldBankReleases Results for FY 05
WASHINGTON, July 14, 2005—
Financial support provided by the World Bank todevelopingcountries rose to $22.3 billion in fiscal year 2005,which endedJune 30, for 279 projects worldwide. This is an increaseof $2.2billion over the previous year.Of this amount, $13.6 billionwas infinancing to mostly middle-income countries from theInternationalBank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) for 118projects;and $8.7 billion was mostly in the form of no-interestloans orgrants to the poorest countries from the InternationalDevelopmentAssociation (IDA), for 161 projects. By comparison,total IBRD andIDA lending commitments were $20.1 billion in FY04,including $11billion from IBRD, and $9 billion from IDA.While thevolume of newlending was on the increase, overall lending qualityalso rose.Steady improvements in the quality of ongoing projectsthroughbetter pretion, greater selectivity and more effectivesupervisionhas resulted in the more effective utilization ofIBRD/IDAassistance. In particular, the share of totaloutstandingcommitments at risk of not achieving their developmenttivesdeclined significantly to 13.5 percent at the end of fiscalyear2005, from 15.9 percent in FY 2004.Disbursements increased to$18.7billion in FY2005 from $17 billion in the previous year.WorldBanklending continued to reflect the varying demands and needsofborrowing countries in different regions. Latin Americancountries,with a total of $5.2 billion, accounted for the largestshare ofloans, grants, and guarantees during FY 2005, followedclosely bySouth Asia with $5 billion. Europe and Central Asiareceived $4.1billion; Africa $3.9 billion; East Asia/Pacific $2.9billion; andMiddle East and North Africa $1.3 billion. The limitson IDA-13resources had an impact, in particular, on Africa figures.It isnoteworthy, however, that Africa disbursements increased from$3.3billion in FY04 to $4 billion in FY05.Of total loans, grants,andguarantees, $15.7 billion was for investment operations whiletheremaining $6.6 billion was for policy based/developmentpolicyoperations. Investment lending is now more than 50 percenthigherthan it was in 2000.We are particularly encouraged bytheturnaround of two declining trends: the Banks financialassistanceto middle-income countries, and the volume of investmentlending.These increases were attained without any apparenttrade-off inquality, indicating that the Middle Income CountryAction Plan andthe simplification and modernization agenda aremaking adifference said James Adams, Vice President of OperationalPolicyand Country Services.India and Turkey received the largestshare ofcommitments last year – with $2.89 billion and $1.8billionrespectively, followed by Brazil at $1.77 billion, China at$1billion and Indonesia at $917 million. India was thelargestrecipient of IDA assistance, with $1.1 billion followed byVietnamat $700 million and Bangladesh at $600 million. Turkey wasthelargest recipient of IBRD lending at $1.8 billion, followedbyBrazil at $1.77 billion and India at $1.75 billion.The WorldBank’sprimary mission – that of poverty reduction – is conductedbychanneling financial resources, and technical expertise, tobenefitpoor people in its mr countries. Financial support isprovidedthrough loans and guarantees by the IBRD and grants,credits, andguarantees from IDA. The IBRD raises its funds throughtheinternational capital markets, while IDA is funded bydirectcontributions by wealthier nations. IBRD’s clients aregenerallymiddle-income countries, and some of the largerlow-incomecountries that are deemed creditworthy for borrowing.IDA’s clientsare the poorest countries that usually can not affordto borrow oncommercial terms. IDA offers these countries grantsandconcessional, no-interest loans – called “development credits”–that are repayable in 35–40 years. IDA is the single largestsourceof discounted financial assistance to the world’spoorestcountries.Special Financing and Global EnvironmentalFacilityoperations totaled $301 million, with the EastAsia/Pacificreceiving $110 million, followed by Middle East andNorth Africawith $56 million, Europe and Central Asia with $54million, Africawith $51 million, and Latin American Countries with$31 million.TheBank Group remains in the forefront of work toharmonize and alignaid delivery across development agencies, reducefragmentation, andeliminate duplication. Notable examples of theseare seen inreconstruction efforts in Afghanistan, Iraq and onTsunami.来源：中国广播网责编：金风
