齐鲁群星闪耀时丨荀子：儒家“后圣”的智慧之旅|荀子|儒家|群星

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　　在今天的山东省临沂市，曾有一位儒家巨擘生活于此，他就是我国伟大的思想家、文学家、教育家——荀子，他的思想对中国古代哲学和文化产生了深远的影响，被后世誉为“后圣”。

　　In Linyi City, Shandong Province, there once lived a towering figure of Confucianism—Xunzi, a great philosopher, scholar, and educator. His ideas profoundly influenced ancient Chinese philosophy and culture, earning him the title of "Successor Sage" in generations.

　　从稷下学宫祭酒到兰陵令

　　From Chancellor of Jixia Academy to Governor of Lanling

　　荀子（约公元前313-前238年），名况，字卿，战国末期赵国人。荀子的人生经历丰富而独特，一生为实现理想抱负辗转于各国之间。他早年展现出对学术的浓厚兴趣与深厚的天赋，曾游学于齐国稷下学宫，并三次担任祭酒。后来，他曾到秦国考察政治军事、风俗人情等，并建议秦昭王重用儒士，但未被采纳。荀子辗转于齐、赵、楚之间，最终在楚国任兰陵令，一边从政一边著述，直至去世。纵观荀子的游历生涯，既有三十余年在稷下学宫“三为祭酒”“最为老师”的高光时刻，又有晚年两任楚国兰陵令近二十年的行政体验，使得他能广泛接触各种思想流派，为自身思想理论体系的形成提供了肥沃的土壤。

　　Xunzi (circa 313-238 BCE), named Kuang with the courtesy name Qing, was a native of the State of Zhao during the late Warring States period. The life experiences of Xunzi were rich and unique, as he journeyed between various states throughout his life in pursuit of his ideals. In his early years, he displayed a keen interest and profound talent for scholarship, studying at Jixia Academy of Qi and thrice serving as its chancellor. Later, he visited the State of Qin to observe and study its political, military affairs, and customs, advising King Zhao of Qin to employ Confucian scholars, though his suggestion was not heeded. He then moved between the State of Qi, Zhao, and Chu, ultimately serving as Lanling's governor in Chu, where he managed state affairs until his death. Throughout his travels, Xunzi experienced both the zenith of serving as Jixia academy's chancellor for over thirty years, and the administrative depths of twice serving as Lanling's governor in Chu for nearly two decades. These experiences allowed him to interact with diverse schools of thought, nurturing the soil for his own philosophical system.

　　思想集大成者：性恶论与礼乐观

　　A Master of Thought: Theory of Human Nature as Evil and Views on Rituals and Music

　　在思想上，荀子是先秦时代百家争鸣的集大成者。尽管他以儒家学者自居，但他也对诸子百家思想进行了批判性的吸收，融百家之长，并对儒家思想进行了创新发展。他提出的“性恶论”认为人性本恶，需要通过后天的学习和教化来改善人的品性。此外，他还提倡“隆礼重法”的礼乐观，强调礼乐制度的重要性以及法律的约束力。“学不可以已”的学习观、“以义制利”的道德观、“知之不若行”的实践观等都是经久不衰的珍宝。

　　Philosophically, Xunzi was a master synthesizer during the Hundred Schools of Thought era in pre-Qin China. Though identifying as a Confucian, he critically absorbed ideas from various schools, integrating their strengths while innovatively developing Confucian ideology. His famous doctrine, "The Nature of Man is Evil," posits that human nature is inherently evil and that only through education and moral cultivation can it be improved. Furthermore, he advocated a view of rituals and music that "exalts propriety and emphasizes law," stressing the importance of ritual systems and legal constraints. His views on learning "Learning is a never-ending process", ethics "Morality should govern profit", and practice "Knowing is not as good as doing" remain timeless treasures.

　　发轫于稷下学宫，成熟于兰陵，荀子的思想博大精深，后来成为法家先导。在两千多年后的今天，他的思想仍历久弥新，在齐鲁大地上闪耀着智慧的光芒。

　　His ideas, which began to take shape at Jixia Academy and matured in Lanling, later became precursors to Legalist thought. Even over two thousand years later, Xunzi's wisdom continues to shine brightly, illuminating the land of Qilu with its enduring brilliance.

　　（部分素材来源：大众日报、中国孔子网、兰陵县人民政府网站）