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Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on thefollowingpassage:President Coolidge’s statement, “The business ofAmerica isbusiness,” still points to an important truth today-thatbusinessinstitutions have more prestige（威望）in American society thananyother kind of organization, including the government. Whydobusiness institutions posses this great prestige?One reason isthatAmericans view business as being more firmly based on the idealofcompetition than other instituti ons in society. Sincecompetitionis seen as the major source of progress and prosperityby mostAmericans, competitive business institutions arerespected.Competition is not only good in itself, it is the meansby whichother basic American values such as individual freedom,equality ofopportunity, and hard work are protected.Competitionprotects thefreedom of the individual by ensuring that there isnomonopoly（垄断）of power. In contrast to one, all-powerfulgovernment,many businesses compete against each other forprofits.Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfairadvantage ofits customers, it will lose to competing business whichtreats itscustomers more fairly. Where many businesses compete forthecustomers’ dollar, they cannot afford to treat them likeinferiorsor slaves.A contrast is often made between business, whichiscompetitive, and government, which si a monopoly. Becausebusinessis competitive, many Americans believe that it is moresupportiveof freedom than government, even though governmentleaders areelected by the people and business leaders are not. ManyAmericansbelieve, then, that competition is as important, or evenmoreimportant, that democracy in preserving freedom.Competitioninbusiness is also believed to strengthen the ideal of equalityofopportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair racewheresuccess goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or hersocialclass background. Competitive success is commonly seen astheAmerican alternative to social rank based on familybackground.Business is therefore viewed as an expression of theidea ofequality of opportunity rather than thearistocratic（贵族的）idea ofinherited privilege.26. The statement “Thebusiness of America isbusiness” probably means “________”.A) Thebusiness institutions inAmerica are concerned with commerceB)Business problems are ofgreat importance to the AmericangovernmentC) Business is ofprimary concern to AmericansD) Americais a great power in worldbusiness27. Americans believe that theycan realize their personalvalues only ________.A) when givenequality of opportunityB)through doing businessC) by protectingtheir individual freedomD)by way of competition28. Who can benefitfrom businesscompetition?A) Honest businessmen.B) Both businessmenand theircustomers.C) People with ideals of equality and freedom.D)Bothbusiness institutions and government.29. Government is believedtodiffer strikingly from business in that government ischaracterizedby ________.A) its absolute control of powerB) its nin preservingpersonal freedomC) its role in protecting basicAmerican valuesD)its democratic way of exercising leadership30. Itcan be inferredfrom the passage that the author believes_________.A) Americansare more ambitious than people in othercountriesB) in manycountries success often depends on one’s socialstatusC) Americanbusinesses are more democratic than those in othercountriesD)businesses in other countries are not as competitive asthose inAmericaPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on thefollowingpassage:The appeal of advertising to buying motives canhave bothnegative and positive effects consumers may be convincedto buy aproduct of poor quality or high price because of anadvertisement.For example, some advertisers have appealed topeople’s desire forbetter fuel economy for their cars byadvertising automotiveproducts that improve gasoline mileage. Someof the products work.Others are worthless and a waste of consumers’money.Sometimesadvertising is intentionally misleading. A few yearsago a brand ofbread was offer to dieters（节食者）with the message thatthere werefewer calories（热量单位，大卡）in every slice. It turned out thatthe breadwas not dietetic（适合于节食的）, but just regular bread. Therewere fewercalories because it was sliced very thin, but there werethe samenumber of calories in every loaf.On the positive side,emotionalappeals may respond to a consumer’s real concerns.Consider fireinsurance. Fire insurance may be sold by appealing tofear of loss.But fear of loss is the real reason for fireinsurance. Thesecurity of knowing that property is protected byinsurance makesthe purchase of fire insurance a worthwhileinvestment for mostpeople. If consumers consider the quality of theinsurance plans aswell as the message in the ads, they will benefitfrom theadvertising.Each consumer must evaluate her or his ownsituation.Are the benefits of the product important enough tojustify buyingit? Advertising is intended to appeal to consumers,but it does notforce them to buy the product. Consumers stillcontrol the finalbuying decision.31. Advertising can persuade theconsumer to buyworthless products by _________.A) stressing theirhigh qualityB)convincing him of their low priceC) maintaining abalance betweenquality and priceD) appealing to his buyingmotives32. The reasonwhy the bread advertisement is misleading isthat ________.A) thinslices of bread could contain more caloriesB)the loaf was cut intoregular slicesC) the bread was not genuinebreadD) the total numberof calories in the loaf remained thesame33. The passage tells usthat _______.A) sometimesadvertisements really sell what theconsumer needsB) advertisementsoccasionally force consumers intobuying things they don’t needC)the buying motives of consumers arecontrolled by advertisementsD)fire insurance is seldom aworthwhile investment34. It can beinferred from the passage that asmart consumer should _________.A)think carefully about thebenefits described in the advertisementsB)guard against thedeceiving nature of advertisementsC) be familiarwith variousadvertising strategiesD) avoid buying products thathave strongemotional appeal35. The passage is mainly about________.A) how tomake a wise buying decisionB) ways to protect theinterests of theconsumerC) the positive and negative aspects ofadvertisingD) the nof advertisements in promoting sales
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