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Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:Imagineaworld in which there was suddenly no emotion-a world in whichhumanbeings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Trytoimagine the consequences of such a transformation. People mightnotbe able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure,anxietynor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurtthem asacts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they couldnotbenefit from experience beca use this emotionless world wouldlackrewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: peoplewouldbe as likely to harm one another as to provide help andsupport.Human relationships would not exist: in a world withoutfriends orenemies, there could be no marriage, affection amongcompanions, orbonds among mrs of groups. Societys economicunderpinnings (支柱)would be destroyed: since earning $10 millionwould be no morepleasant than earning $10, there would be noincentive to work. Infact, there would be no incentives of anykind. For as we will see,incentives imply a capacity to enjoythem.In such a world, thechances that the human species wouldsurvive are next to zero,because emotions are the basic instrumentof our survival andadaptation. Emotions structure the world for usin important ways.As individuals, we categorize ts on the basis ofour emotions. Truewe consider the length, shape, size, or texture,but an tsphysical aspects are less important than what it has doneor can doto us-hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. Weal souse categorizations colored by emotions in ourfamilies,communities, and overall society. Out of our emotionalexperienceswith ts and events comes a social feeling of agreementthat certainthings and actions are“good”and others are“bad”, and weapply thesecategories to every aspect of our social life-from whatfoods weeat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises andwhichpeople our group will accept. In fact, society exploitsouremotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty morality,prideshame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself Itgiveshigh rewards to individuals who perform important tasks suchassurgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual ordangerousachievements such as flying fighter planes in a war, anduses thelegal penal (刑法的) system to make people afraid to engageinantisocial acts.31.The reason why people might not be able tostayalive in a world without emotion is that_______ .A) they wouldnotbe able to tell the texture of ts.B) they would not know whatwasbeneficial and what was harmful to them.C) they would not behappywith a life without love.D) they would do things that hurteachothers feelings.32.According to the passage, peopleslearningactivities are possible because they_______ .A) believethatemotions are fundamental for them to stay alive.B) benefitfromproviding help and support to one another.C) enjoy beingrewardedfor doing the center thing.D) know what is vital to theprogress ofsociety.33.It can be inferred from the passage that theeconomicfoundation of society is dependenton _______.A) the abilityto makemoney.B) the will to work for pleasure.C) the capacity toenjoyincentives.D) the categorizations of ouremotionalexperiences34.Emotions are significant for mans survivalandadaptation because _______.A) they provide the means bywhichpeople view the size or shape of ts.B) they are the basis forthesocial feeling of agreement by which society is maintained.C)theyencourage people to perform dangerous achievements.D) theygeneratemore love than hate among people.35.The emotional aspectsof an tare more important than its physical aspects inthatthey_______ .A)help society exploit its mrs for profit.B)encourage us to performimportant tasks.C) help to perfect the legaland penal system.D)help us adapt our behavior to the worldsurrounding usQuestion 36to 40 based on the following passage:TheCarnegie Foundation reportsays that many colleges have tried to be“all things to allpeople”. In doing so, they have increasinglycatered to a narrowminded careerism while failing to cultivate aglobal vision amongtheir students. The current crisis, it contends,does not derivefrom a legitimate desire to put learning toproductive ends. Theproblem is that in too many academic fields,the work has nocontext; skills, rather than being means, havebecome ends.Students are offered a variety of options and allowedto pick theirway to a degree. I n short, driven by careerism, “thenationscolleges and universities are more successful inprovidingcredentials(文凭)than in providing a quality education f ortheirstudents. ”The report concludes that the specialchallengeconfronting the undergraduate college is one ofshapingan“integrated core”of common learning. Such a core wouldintroducestudents“to essential knowledge, to connections acrossthedisciplines, and in the end, to application of knowledge tolifebeyond the campus. ”Although the key to a good college isahigh-quality faculty, the Carnegie study found that mostcollegesdo very little to encourage good teaching. In fact, they domuch toundermine it. As one professor observed:“Teaching isimportant, weare told, and yet faculty know that research andpublication mattermost. ” Not surprisingly, over the last twentyyears colleges anduniversities have failed to graduate half oftheir four-year degreecandidates. Faculty mrs who dedicatedthemselves to teaching soondiscover that they will not be grantedtenure (终身任期), promotion, orsubstantial salary increases. Yet 70percent of all faculty saytheir interests lie more in teaching thanin research.Additionally, a frequent complaint among young scholarsisthat“There is pressure to publish, although there is virtuallynointerest among administrators or colleagues in the content ofthepublications. ”36.When a college tries to be “all things toalpeople” (Lines 1-2, . 1) it aims to_______ .A) satisfy the needsofall kinds of students simultaneously.B) focus on trainingstudentsin various skills.C) encourage students to take as manycourses aspossible.D) make learning serve academic rather thanproductiveends.37.By saying that “in too many academic fields, thework hasno context” (Lin es4-5, Pare. 1)the author means that theteachingin these areas ______ .A) ignores the actual situation.B)is notbased on the center perspective.C) only focuses on anintegratedcore of common learning.D) gives priority to thecultivation of aglobal vision among students.38.One of the reasonsfor the currentcrisis in American colleges and universities isthat_______ .A) anarrow vocationalism has come to dominate manycolleges.B) studentsdont have enough freedom in choosing what theywant to learn.C)skills are being taught as a means to an end.D)students are onlyinterested in obtaining credentials.39.Americancolleges anduniversities failed to graduate half of theirfour-yeardegreecandidates because _______ .A) most of them lackhigh-qualityfaculties.B) the interests of most faculty mrs lie inresearch.C)there are not enough incentives for students to studyhard.D) theyattach greater importance to research and publicationthan toteaching .40.It can be inferred from the passage thathigh-qualitycollege education calls for _______ .A) puttingacademic work inthe proper context.B) a commitment to students andeffectiveteaching.C) the practice of putting leaning to productiveends.D)dedication to research in frontier areas of knowledge.
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