原标题：马尔科·卢比奥是谁？—— 香港和新疆人权法案的幕后推手

　　美国众议院当地时间周二晚间压倒性投票多数通过了“2019年维吾尔人权政策法案”。该法案敦促美国总统唐纳德·特朗普加强对中国政府新疆少数民族政策上的“干预”。

　　当暴乱分子在香港街头肆意妄为时，美国政客们一直在趁机利用立法来干扰中国内部事务。实际上他们对新疆的行动远早于香港。推动“香港人权与民主法案”的美国参议员马尔科·卢比奥在2019年年初就提出了该法案，法案包括美国政府对所谓的“肆意侵犯新疆少数民族人权”的中国官员实施制裁，出口限制等等。

　　在美国众多的政治声音中，卢比奥已成为该国非官方的“道德首席”。

　　The U.S。 House of Representatives late Tuesday local time overwhelmingly approved the Uygur Act of 2019， a stronger version than the companion bill that the Senate passed in September。 The Uygur Intervention and Global Humanitarian Unified Response Act of 2019 urged U.S。 President Donald Trump to toughen its response to China‘s policy in Xinjiang。

　　As rioters wreak havoc on the streets of Hong Kong， American politicians have been using legislation to punish China for imaginary practices。 But their action on Xinjiang predated the bill on Hong Kong。 U.S。 senator Marco Rubio， who‘s behind the “Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act，” proposed the bills related to Xinjiang earlier this year with the aim of imposing sanctions on particular Chinese officials， resting on wanton accusations of human rights abuses。

　　Amid the many political voices in the U.S。， Rubio has become the country‘s unofficial international “ethics chief。”

　　随着中美关系的日益紧张，卢比奥—古巴裔美国共和党参议员—对中国这样的世界第二大经济强国非常抗拒。

　　那么卢比奥是谁？

　　卢比奥是一位古巴裔的政治人物，1956年他的父母从古巴移民到佛罗里达州。1971年，卢比奥在迈阿密出生，是美国保守派“金童”。他的政途一帆风顺，是特朗普的坚定支持者。在美国民众看来，他从一个极其普通的移民家庭走进华盛顿核心权力圈是美国梦的完美诠释。

　　As China-U.S。 relations walk a diplomatic tightrope， Rubio has come out as a strong Republican voice against the world‘s second-largest economic power。 Although his position seems to be rooted in black-and-white morality， his criticism comes at a time when pressure on China serves as leverage in the ongoing trade negotiations between the two countries。 So it’s difficult to say whether the senator of Florida is sincere when he tweets statements such as “#HongKong we hear you。”

　　The son of Cuban immigrants to the Sunshine State， Rubio is the golden boy of conservatives in the U.S。 Even his political rise was smooth sailing until he dropped out of the 2016 presidential race that saw Trump‘s upending of conventional GOP wisdom。 His rise from a humble background is considered the realization of the American Dream， but fact and fiction have plagued his narrative – much like it has with other high-profile politicians in the country。

美国总统唐纳德·特朗普 在2017年9月14日抵达美国佛罗里达州迈尔斯堡的西南佛罗里达国际机场，该州参议员马尔科·鲁比奥问候特朗普并汇报飓风艾尔玛（Irma）救灾工作情况。图片来源视觉中国

　　佛罗里达的“移民”走入华盛顿权力圈

　　在2016年的总统竞选期间，卢比奥不忘反复强调他的古巴蓝领家庭出身。据美国媒体报道，在离开古巴前，卢比奥的父亲是个酒保，母亲是一名旅馆清洁工。

　　From ‘exile’ to insider

　　During his presidential campaign in 2016， Rubio repeated time and again how he hailed from blue-collar parents who had escaped Fidel Castro‘s Cuba。 Many migrants from the country had started anew in Florida， forming a Cuban community that continues to dominate domestic Hispanic politics。 Rubio’s father worked as a bartender while his mother cleaned hotels – media revealed， however， that his parents left about two years before Castro took power， during Fulgencio Batista‘s reign in 1956。

　　蓬勃的政治野心

　　卢比奥于1998年在迈阿密城市委员会中首次担任公职。在政治名门布什家族的杰布。布什的指导帮助下，卢比奥再次崛起。2000年，共和党成员杰布·布什是佛罗里达州的州长，与当时的州众议院代表卢比奥建立了亲密的政治关系。

　　卢比奥最终于2010年赢得美国参议院议席，2016年参加了总统大选。他竞选总统的这一举动出乎杰布·布什的意料。随后，因落后于唐纳德·特朗普和特德·克鲁兹，卢比奥决定退选 。

　　Political ambition

　　His ascension to a Washington insider， then， was predicated on this heritage。 Rubio first held public office in a local city commission in 1998 in Miami， the center of the Cuban-American political machine。 However， it was his tutelage under a powerful political scion that cemented his rise – Jeb from the Bush family。 Jeb Bush was the governor of Florida in 2000 when the Republicans took control of the state， forming a close political relationship with Rubio， who was then-state House representative。

　　Rubio eventually won the seat for the U.S。 Senate in 2010， but quit to join the presidential race of 2016， challenging his mentor Jeb Bush in an initially unexpected move。 He dropped out after trailing behind Donald Trump and Ted Cruz。

2015年4月13日，马尔科·鲁比奥 在2016年 为杂志签名。图片来源路透社

　　支持移民的保守派

　　出生于佛罗里达州的卢比奥是美国保守主义的典型人物，他反对推行全民医保，反对枪支管制和同性婚姻。他甚至被认为是将共和党推向最右端的茶党运动领导人。然而卢比奥有个例外—他支持移民法，为美国数百万符合移民条件的国外民众打开了大门。

　　Conservative， but not completely

　　The Florida-born Rubio is an exemplar of American conservatism， opposing government-mandated health care， gun control and same-sex marriage。 He was even considered a leader of the Tea Party movement that shifted the Republican party to the far right。 However， true to his family background and in opposition to the conventional party position， Rubio had supported immigration legislation that opened the door to citizenship for the millions of illegal residents in the country who had met certain conditions。 The politically shrewd senator stepped away from the legislation after support from conservatives took a dip。

　　坚定的反华派

　　卢比奥看上去似乎能直接证明他的所有立场是正当合理的。他支持中美贸易战，这几年一直拿新疆所谓的“人权道义”说事儿，是香港和新疆人权法案的直接幕后推手。他在接受CNBC采访时说，“我不是反华，但美国需要一个公正和平衡的关系”。然而在双边关系恶化之际，中国的崛起在引起美国主流政界的担忧是很难用“公正”和“道德”来衡量的。

　　China angst

　　Rubio‘s straightforward narrative seems to justify his every political stance。 As the architect of the Senate bills against Hong Kong and Xinjiang， Rubio’s outspoken criticism against China may be traced back to his Catholic faith， which he rediscovered after converting to Mormonism。 As such， his binary sense of morality seems to partially explain his crusade against the rising economic powerhouse， but comes during a convenient period for China-U.S。 trade negotiations， during which external pressure on China can be used as leverage for U.S。 Trump。

　　Rubio said in an interview with CNBC that he‘s not “anti-China， but [the U.S。 needs] a fair and balanced relationship。” At a time when bilateral relations are deteriorating， his allegations have a nice ring of morality， but it is difficult to separate this justification from the general fear of China’s rise in U.S。 mainstream politics。

责任编辑：张申