解读劳动合同法·集体合同

　　在我国资强劳弱、劳动力供过于求的状况下，劳动合同往往更多地体现用人单位单方意志。由于法律只能规定最低标准，劳动合同往往就是最低标准。而由企业工会代表全体职工与企业进行平等协商、签订集体合同，使既具有共同利益又存在利益矛盾的双方坐在一起，共同设计未来利益分配和成本分担的决策活动，是通过讨价还价、互谅互让，最终达成一致的过程。由于其法律效力高于劳动合同，维护了企业全体职工的整体利益，无疑成为协调劳动关系至关重要的法律制度。这也是成熟市场经济国家经过一百年实践得出的宝贵经验和财富。

　　《劳动合同法》延续了《劳动法》、《工会法》的规定，再次明确企业职工一方与用人单位通过平等协商，可以就劳动报酬、工作时间、休息休假、劳动安全卫生、保险福利等事项订立集体合同。集体合同由工会代表企业职工一方与用人单位订立；尚未建立工会的用人单位，由上级工会指导劳动者推举的代表与用人单位订立。

　　特别值得关注的是，《劳动合同法》明确规定：集体合同中劳动报酬和劳动条件等标准不得低于当地人民政府规定的最低标准；用人单位与劳动者订立的劳动合同中劳动报酬和劳动条件等标准不得低于集体合同规定的标准。《劳动合同法》相关条款链接>>>（Relevant stipulations links of Labour Contract Law：）第五十一条企业职工一方与用人单位通过平等协商，可以就劳动报酬、工作时间、休息休假、劳动安全卫生、保险福利等事项订立集体合同。集体合同草案应当提交职工代表大会或者全体职工讨论通过。

　　集体合同由工会代表企业职工一方与用人单位订立；尚未建立工会的用人单位，由上级工会指导劳动者推举的代表与用人单位订立。Section51 Labourers may conclude a collective agreement through consultation on an equal basiswith employing uniton such matters as labour remuneration，working hours，rest and vocations，occupational safety and health，insurance and benefits，etc.The draft of the collective agreement shall be presented to the Worker's Representative Congress or all the labourers for discussion and approval.

　　A collective agreement shall be concluded between the trade union，which is on behalf of the employees，and employing units.Employing units without a trade union shall concluded a collectiveagreement with the representative put forward by labourers under the guidance of the trade union at a higher level.

　　第五十四条集体合同订立后，应当报送劳动行政部门；劳动行政部门自收到集体合同文本之日起十五日内未提出异议的，集体合同即行生效。

　　Section54 A collective agreement shall be submitted to the labour administrative authority after its conclusion.The collectiveagreement shall go into effect automatically if no objections are raised by the labour administrative authority with in 15 days from the date of the receipt of a copy of the agreement.

　　第五十五条集体合同中劳动报酬和劳动条件等标准不得低于当地人民政府规定的最低标准；用人单位与劳动者订立的劳动合同中劳动报酬和劳动条件等标准不得低于集体合同规定的标准。

　　Section55 The standards on labour remuneration and labour conditions agree dupon in the collective agreement shall not be lower than the minimum standard prescribed by the local People'sGovernment.The standards on labour remuneration and labour conditionsagreed upon in the labour contract concluded between in dividual labourerand employing units shall not belower than those stipulated in collectiveagreement.（以上法律条款英译市总工会国际部部长）作者:张路;沈雄德